Mesothelioma (cancer of the mesothelium) is a disease in which cells of the mesothelium become abnormal and divide without control or order. They can invade and damage nearby tissues and organs. Cancer cells can also metastasize (spread) from their original site to other parts of the body. Most cases of mesothelioma begin in the pleura or peritoneum. It is linked with asbestos exposure and smoking.
As mesothelium lacks tight junctions, an ultrastructure that closely links cells together (as seen in epithelia), it is prone to shedding during surgery. When this happens, the exposed surface can form adhesions with other surfaces, leading to intraabdominal (or rarely intrathoracal) adhesions.

